This is wrong:
I played good
Good is an adjective but in the bad example it is modifying a verb.
An adverb has to modify a verb. And an adjective modifies a noun.
Let me give you a funky example. The Queen song Another One Bites The Dust. The first line goes like this:
Steve walks warily down the street
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY0WxgSXdEE
Queen
Walks is a verb. How does Steve walk?? You need an adverb to modify the verb which in this case is warily.
